Niaj hnub no, peb yuav ua qhov tob tob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub cev armor- qib kev tiv thaiv thiab cov qauv- los pab koj tsim kom muaj kev nkag siab zoo rau kev yuav khoom.
I. Ntiaj teb no lees paub "Gold Standard": US NIJ Qib
Thoob ntiaj teb, NIJ 0108.01 tus qauv tsim los ntawm National Institute of Justice (NIJ) yog tus qauv siv dav tshaj plaws hauv cov khoom siv ballistic. Txawm hais tias tus qauv NIJ tau hloov kho- nrog rau cov kev faib tawm tshiab tshaj tawm qhov tseem ceeb dua ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov phom sij thiab phom phom phom sij- cov txheej txheem tsib-tier kev faib tawm (IIA, II, IIIA, III, thiab IV) tseem muaj kev sib koom ua ke thiab ua haujlwm zoo li kev lag luam.
Qib IIA: Basic Handgun Protection. Qhov no yog qhov qis dua -tier tsis tau zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm nres 9 hli Parabellum Tag Nrho Cov Hlau Jacket (FMJ) puag ncig thiab .40 S&W puag ncig ntawm qhov ze. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau qhov tsawg- siv, cov ris tsho hnav ris tsho.
Qib II: Nruab nrab-Power Handgun Protection. Muaj peev xwm tiv taus kev hem los ntawm siab - lub zog revolver rounds, xws li .357 Magnum. Cov no feem ntau yog cov rounds siv nyob rau hauv siab -hwj chim revolvers.
Theem IIIA: "Ceiling" rau Soft Body Armor. Qhov no yog qib siab tshaj plaws uas ua tau los ntawm lub cev mos mos armor (xws li Kevlar-raws li iav). Nws tsis tsuas yog yooj yim tuav 9 hli handgun rounds tab sis kuj withstands .44 Magnum hollow-point rounds thiab txawm lub .50 AE puag ncig raug rho tawm haujlwm los ntawm "Desert Eagle." Nov yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Qib IIIA thiab hauv qab no siv cov mos lossis mos- cov qauv sib xyaw nyuaj, thaum Qib III thiab saum toj no yuav tsum muaj cov phaj nyuaj (xws li ceramic lossis steel phaj).
Theem III: Lub Watershed for Rifle-Caliber Threats. Qhov no sawv cev rau kev nkag - theem tus qauv rau cov phaj nyuaj ballistic. Lawv yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nres 7.62x51mm M80 tag nrho - rab phom phom loj (cov mos txwv siv los ntawm M14 thiab FAL phom loj). Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb -Tuam Tshoj siv steel cores, whereas US cov qauv feem ntau siv lead cores -Suav 5.8 hli rifle rounds muaj peev xwm nkag mus uas tau tshaj NIJ Qib III tus qauv.
Qib IV: Qhov kawg ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus kheej. Qhov no yog tam sim no qhov kev tiv thaiv siab tshaj plaws, yuav tsum tau lub phaj kom tiv thaiv hits ntawm .30-06 M2 armor- tho (AP) rounds (7.62x63mm). Cov phaj zoo li no feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm silicon carbide lossis boron carbide ceramics thiab ultra-siab-molecular- hnyav polyethylene (PE); lawv txawm muaj peev xwm nres 12.7 hli loj-caliber tshuab rab phom rounds nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug stray ntaus nyob rau hauv ntev.
II. Suav Peev Xwm: GA Standards thiab New GB National Standard
Tuam Tshoj tswj hwm kev ywj pheej ntawm cov qauv kev tiv thaiv ballistic, feem ntau suav nrog cov qauv tub rog (GJB 4300) thiab cov qauv kev lag luam kev nyab xeeb rau pej xeem (GA 141-2010).
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws tus qauv, "GB 45834-2025 Tub Ceev Xwm Lub Cev Armor," tau teeb tsa los siv rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2025. Piv nrog rau cov qauv qub, tus qauv tshiab hauv lub tebchaws no muaj cov txheej txheem kev ua kom zoo dua qub:
Nws khaws cia qis- qib tiv thaiv 7.62x25mm rab yaj phom rounds (xws li cov siv los ntawm Hom 54 rab yaj phom) thaum nthuav qhia cov kev faib tawm tshiab -Level 4B (tiv thaiv 5.8mm rab yaj phom rounds) thiab Qib 6A (tiv thaiv hom 95 5.8}psib tiv thaiv) ri {f txuj- tawm tsam phom hauv tsev.
Thawj qhov sib txawv ntawm Suav cov qauv thiab thoob ntiaj teb NIJ tus qauv yog nyob rau hauv qhov nruj ntawm kev sim:
Backface deformation (BFD) qhov tob: Thaum NIJ tus qauv txiav txim siab qhov deformation qhov tob txog li 44mm tau txais, Suav GA / GB qauv nruj me ntsis txwv qhov no mus rau hauv 25mm. Muab hais tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm Suav lub cev feem ntau me dua li ntawm cov neeg sab hnub poob - nrog cov roj subcutaneous tsawg - txwv tsis pub rov qab deformation pab tau zoo tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm blunt force trauma. Material Code: Tus txheej txheem tshiab hauv lub tebchaws siv cov khoom lag luam uas muaj npe zoo heev. Piv txwv li, "FDY4AY-TDK01" qhia meej meej txog **B**ulletproof **V**est (**FDY**), **Level 4** tiv thaiv, thiab **Hard** khoom (**Y**).
III. Cov Ntsiab Cai Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Ntseeg Tsis Txaus Siab
Lub cev armor tsis ua rau tus neeg hnav tsis muaj zog; nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog "siv softness los kov yeej hardness" los yog "hard{0}}on-hard" resistance.
Mos Lub Cev Armor (Qib IIIA thiab hauv qab): Tso siab rau Aramid (Kevlar) lossis UHMWPE (Ultra-High Molecular Nyhav Polyethylene) fibers. Los ntawm stretching thiab shearing ua, cov khoom disperses cov mos txwv lub kinetic zog sab nraud, zoo "catching" lub mos txwv.
Hard Armor Phaj (Qib III thiab saum toj no): tso siab rau kev tawg ntawm ceramic faceplates los yog deformation ntawm steel daim hlau kom "tua" lub mos txwv lub taub hau, nrog rau lub rear fiber txheej tom qab ntes lub zog seem.
Ib qho lus dab neeg uas xav tau kev tshem tawm yog: "Txawm hais tias lub tsho tiv thaiv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov mos txwv, qhov cuam tshuam quab yuam yuav ua rau tus neeg hnav cov pob txha tawg."
Nrog rau niaj hnub lub cev armor, qhov no tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Ntev npaum li lub nraub qaum - lub ntsej muag deformation (indentation qhov tob) yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv kev txwv tsis pub dhau (piv txwv li, 25mm txwv los ntawm Suav cov qauv), tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg tuaj yeem nqus tau qhov cuam tshuam yam tsis muaj kev phom sij rau kev tuag-tshwj tsis yog tias qhov kev hem thawj cuam tshuam nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb- tho qhov sib tw raug rho tawm los ntawm FN 5.7 rab yaj phom.
Xaus
Thaum muas lub cev armor, cov qauv ua haujlwm tsuas yog cov qauv kev ntseeg tau. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm kev hem, ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "xaiv siab dua qis dua": rau siab - qhov chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo uas muaj phom, NIJ Qib III lossis Suav Qib 6+ daim hlau yuav tsum tau ua; rau cov dej num uas niaj hnub ua, NIJ Qib IIIA mos vests raug pom zoo. Nco ntsoov: ballistic daim hlau yog cov khoom siv; ib zaug ntaus-txawm tias tsis nkag mus- lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob rov qab siv dua.
